有没有关与液压的英文文章

huyinhua

希望能给关于英文的液压文章。如果英汉对照就更好啊！盼望你的帮助！

tudou198423

莫非楼主是做毕业设计用，我有一些，很适合你用．
你油箱？

huyinhua

也算事啊，如果能得到你的帮助，我将不胜感激！等候你的邮件！我的邮箱是huyinhuahao@163.com

huyinhua

我希望能得到大家的帮助

sodou

如果有的话给我也发一份吧  cnsunx@163.com

shougeren

先看看 谢谢楼主的分享 我也是在搞液压阿！！！！

wangzhaohuzi0

我也想要一份液压资料附带翻译更好，哪位大虾有的话请发给小弟，邮箱ysuzlw1986@163.com

hdxiaomuou

我也想要啊。
最好中英问都有啊
hdxiaomuou@yahoo.com.cn
谢谢
谢谢
谢谢

人生飞扬

非常感谢楼主，我也非常需要，请给我发一封邮件好吗？我的邮箱：shaoyexwl@126.com

d2005011201

谢谢大哥们谁有的话也给小弟一份

d2005011201

大哥们谁有的话也给小弟一份，我的邮箱 434914662@qq.com

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Pneumatic Transmission
Similar to hydraulic transmission, pneumatic transmission performs the function of energy transfer and control by the medium of flow. They have a great deal in common in the aspects of working principle, components’ structure, system composition and graphic symbol. The readers should notice their differences.
A pneumatic system incorporates the following components and devices:
(1)Air supply devices: They include pressure generation devices, air regeneration and storing devices, F. R. L. (air filter, pressure reducing valve and oil mist lubricator) combination, etc. It provides qualified compressed air for pneumatic systems.
(2)Actuators: They convert the compressed air pressure into mechanical energy, such as air cylinders and air motors.
(3)Control elements: They are used to control the pressure, flow rate and moving direction for the components, such as valves.
(4)Pneumatic attachments: They incorporate the components which are used to cool, silence, purify, and lubricate compressed air and those to joint each component.

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1.1                Air Supply Devices
Air supply devices are used to provide compressed air for pneumatic systems. An air supply device is an important part of a pneumatic system, which supplies qualified compressed air (with a certain lever of pressure, flow rate and purification) for the pneumatic system. Generally, for the delivery surpasses or equals 6 - 12m³/min, a compressed air station is needed. But for the delivery less than 6 - 12m³/min.the air compressor can be mounted besides the pneumatic equipment directly.
An air supply device incorporates four parts: pressure generation devices, air regeneration and storing devices, air lines and F. R. L. combination.
Normally the first two parts are located in compressed air station as a center to supply gas in industry or workshop.
Air compressor: pressurize atmospheric air;
Cooler: cool compressed air; condense water and hydrocarbon vapours;
Oil and water separator: remove gross solid and liquid particulates;
Receivers: air storage; settling chamber for particulates; cool air;
Air dryer: further reduce water and oil vapour content;
Air filter: further remove desiccant dust and fines.
In a pneumatic system, the compressed air flowing out from receiver is for general use and that from another receiver is for special use (such us the control circuits composed by pneumatic meters or fluidic elements).
1.1.1        Pressure generation devices
Compressor is one type of pressure generation devices, which converts mechanical energy into pressure energy. Compressors can be classified according to their working principles, structures or performance properties.
(1)        According to working principles: Displacement and dynamic;
(2)        According to structures
(3)        According to output pressures:
Low pressure (0.2 - 1.0MPa), medium pressure (1.0 - 10MPa), high pressure (10 - 100MPa), super high pressure (>100MPa).
(4)According to output flow rates(delivery):
Mini (<1m&#179;/min), small (1 - 10 m&#179;/min), medium (10 - 100 m&#179;/min), large (>100 m&#179;/min).
1.1.2        Purification and storing devices and equipments for compressed air
Normally, purification equipments for compressed air involve: cooler, a moisture separator, a receiver and an air dryer.
1.1.2.1        Cooler: cooler is usually set at the outlet port of the compressor and serves as a heat exchanger to cool compressed air after leaving the compressor. Cooling can reduce an air temperature of 120 - 150°C to 40 - 50°C. Coolers can be further classified based on their arrangement: coil tubular type, series tubular type, thermosyphon system and tube drive type. There are two types of cooling: water cooling and air cooling.
1.1.2.2 Moisture separator: it is used to separate the impurities such as condensed water and oil stain from the compressed air to gain an initial purified compressed air. When compressed air enters the separator, its flow rate and velocity will change sharply and the impurities with a higher density initially purified. The configurations of separators incorporate: ring revolving type, strike and return type, centrifugal rotary type, water-bath type, etc. This is a strike and return type moisture separator. When the compressed air enters the separator, it strikes against the baffle and turns sharply before falling down. When air falls down, it again strikes the case bottom and then rises up. The water droplets and oil are then separated from the compressed air by the centrifugal force produced by the sharp turning action.
1.1.2.3        Receiver: it is used to store a certain amount of compressed air, reduce its pressure fluctuation and provide gas continuously and stably. There are two types of receivers: horizontal and vertical. Vertical type receivers are more often adopted to save room.
Nowadays, the arrangement with the combination of cooler, moisture separator and receiver has found many applications.
1.1.2.4 Air dryer: the compressed air after having been purified and treated by the cooler, moisture separator and receiver can meet the requirements of general pneumatic systems. But for other precise devices such as precise machines and meters, the compressed air must be further purified or treated. Air dryers have the function of further removing water vapour, oil mist and other particle impurities with mini diameter. Methods of air drying incorporate mechanical, centrifugal force, refrigeration, adsorption, etc.
1.1.3        F. R. L. combination
F. R. L. combination is short for the combination of an air filter, a pressure reducing valve and an oil mist lubricator. First comes the air filter (secondary filter), followed by the pressure reducing valve and the oil mist lubricator is set behind (see from the air inlet direction). F. R. L. combination supplies better quality compressed air for pneumatic components or systems.
1.1.3.1        Air filter
An air filer is used to remove dust, impurities, oil stain and separate water vapour from the compressed air. As compressed air passes the inlet port and enters the filter section, it passes through the directional louvers forcing it into a whirling flow pattern. Liquid particles and heavy solid are thrown against the inside wall of the bowl by centrifugal force. The liquid then runs to the bottom of the bowl where it is either removed by the automatic drain assembly or by the manual drain the baffle maintains a “quite zone” in the lower portion of the bowl to prevent air turbulence from picking up the liquid and returning it to the air stream. The air then passes through the filter element to remove solid contaminants. The automatic drain assembly dumps the liquid as it collects.
1.1.3.2 Oil mist lubricator
An oil mist lubricator is one type of oiling devices. The compressed air enters the lubricator, ejecting the oil lubricant into a spraying fog which flows with the compressed air into the components that need to be lubricated.
1.1.3.3 Pressure reducing valve
Pressure reducing valve is one component of F. R. L. combination. It is used to reduce the pressure of compressed air from gas source to meet the pressure requirement of a given pneumatic system. The pressure after a pressure reducing valve is kept stable, avoiding both the influences of gas-source pressure fluctuation and its output flow rate change. Like hydraulic transmission, the pressure regulating methods of pressure reducing valves incorporate: direct action type and pilot operated.

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1.2                Pneumatic Actuators
1.2.1        Pneumatic cylinders
1.2.1.1 Operations and functions
The operations and functions of common cylinders are similar to those of hydraulic cylinders. Only some special cylinders are discussed in this section.
(1)        Diaphragm cylinders
A diaphragm cylinder is basically a large diameter, short stroke cylinder fitted with a diaphragm instead of a piston. The construction usually takes the form of a pair of shallow convex housings, with a diaphragm sandwiched between them and a piston rod attached to the diaphragm. They are usually of single-rod type, either single-acting with spring return or double-acting.
Diaphragm cylinders are capable of generating very large forces with very short strokes and are commonly called thrusters. The theoretical thrust available is equal to the product of the applied air pressure and effective diaphragm area. The stroke is normally limited to a maximum of about one-third of the cylinder diameter.
Diaphragm cylinders are simple, concise in design, low cost, small leakage, easy to manufacture and maintain. But they have short strokes due to the limitation of the diaphragm deformation. Diaphragm cylinders are mainly used in pneumatic clamping devices and the working occasions with short stroke.
(2)        Air-hydraulic cylinders
When outside load is large enough, there may occur poor stability to the movement of a unique pneumatic cylinder. This can be solved by an air-hydraulic cylinder. Hydro-pneumatic working is achieved by mechanically coupling a pneumatic cylinder and a low-pressure hydraulic cylinder so that they have a common movement normally initiated by compressed air applied to the air cylinder. Liquids have slight compressibility and air flow is easy to control, which leads to a stable movement and an adjustable speed.
The normal configuration is back-to-back mounting with a common piston rod. The piston speed can be adjusted by throttle valve. Reservoir and check valve are used for oil compensation. In this circuit, the pneumatic cylinder only provides driving force and the stable movement depends upon the hydraulic cylinder by adjusting throttle valve. This circuit does not need any hydraulic source and thus is low in cost. In addition, it makes full use of pneumatic and hydraulic and thus finds many applications.
(3)        Rodless cylinders
Recently-developed rodless cylinders provide an ideal solution for long stroke applications. In one rodless design the cylinder barrel has a slit along the barrel and the piston in the barrel is connected directly through the slit to a mounting on the outside of the cylinder.
Thus when the piston is moved by applying air on either side, the load connected to the external mounting is moved. The problem of providing a continuous and moving seal between the piston and sign handle long strikes effectively but can also accept lateral loading at the mounting point.
This is an illustration of the construction of one type of rodless cylinder. The drive from the piston to the carriage is via a substantial drive tongue which passes through the barrel slot. This drive tongue forms the center part of this yoke which is incorporated in the carriage extrusion. The piston halves are pinned to the lower part of this yoke, joining the piston to the carriage.
The volume between the piston seals, containing the yoke, is at atmospheric pressure. The pressure and dust slot seals are unclipped and parted by cam shapes in the yoke within this non-pressurized section and by the advancing movement of the piston carriage assembly along the cylinder.
After unclipping, the internal pressure seal slides under the lower part of the yoke adjacent to the piston halves, while the external dust seal slides over the upper part of the yoke within the carriage. The pressure and dust slot seals are then pressed together and re-clipped by the spring roller assembly in the carriage and the ramp shape of the piston and by the retreating movement of the piston carriage assembly along the cylinder body. Thus the drive is taken up from the piston to the carriage through the slot as this assembly traverses the cylinder.
(4) Impact cylinders
An impact cylinder is one arranged so that the speed developed is high enough for impact work, such as forging, piercing, etc. It converts the pressure energy of the compressed air into piston’s high speed (more than ten meters per second) motion energy in a very short time.
This is an impact cylinder design. Compared with common cylinders, there is an extra middle lid (fitted with the cylinder body) with nozzle and exhausting small orifice. The cylinder is divided into three chambers by this middle lid and piston. For the sake of analysis, the working process can be simply divided into three steps.
1)        Reset. The piston rod chamber is charged with air and the air in energy storing chamber exhausts out. The piston moves up until the seal gasket on the piston seals nozzle on middle lid. Piston chamber connects with the atmospheric via exhausting port. The pressure in chamber builds up to air source pressure, while the pressure in chamber falls down to atmospheric pressure.
2)        Energy storage. When air enters chamber, it passes through the nozzle and acts on the piston. The area of the nozzle is so small that the air pressure cannot overcome the resultant of the up thrust (produced by air exhausting in the piston rod chamber) and the friction against the cylinder. The nozzle is still closed and the pressure in chamber builds up gradually.
3)        Impacting. When the ratio of the pressure in chamber to that in the piston rod chamber surpasses the ratio of the acting area in the piston rod chamber to the nozzle area the piston moves down to open the nozzle. Immediately this happens the compressed air accumulated in chamber acts on the whole of the piston via the nozzle, causing the piston to move down rapidly due to the high pressure difference of the piston rid. Because of the large thrust produced by this high pressure difference, the piston accelerates rapidly and moves down with an extremely high speed, which develops high shock kinetic energy.
1.2.2        Air motors
Air motors are pneumatic actuators which convert compressed air energy into rotating motion. Based on arrangement, they can be divided into vane type, piston type, gear type, diaphragm type, etc.

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1.2.2.1        Operation and characteristics of air motors
(1)Vane motors
This is a simple vane motor operation. The rotor and the vanes are the only moving parts. The rotor is mounted offset in the casing, as can be seen. Air is admitted when the crescent shaped chamber is increasing in volume and delivered when decreasing. Torque is developed by pressure difference on the vanes, driving the rotor to turn in a counter clockwise direction for this motor. The air exhausts through orifices C and B. This direction of the rotor can be changed by merely changing the inlet port, i.e., air is admitted from orifice B for this motor. This is the soft characteristics of a vane motor under a certain working pressure.
Small size motors are used for hand tools such as drills, grinders and screwdrivers. Larger sizes are used for winches, pump drivers, and drive motors on pneumatic drill rigs and general industrial applications.
(2)Radial piston motors
Piston motors operate at much lower speeds than vane motors because of the greater inertia of the reciprocating parts.
The typical radial motor has all connecting rids mounted on a common crank (crank and connecting rod mechanism). The compressed air passes through the distribution valve from the inlet port and then enters the cylinder, driving part of the pistons to move reciprocating. The pistons’ reciprocating motion converts into crankshaft rotation through the crank and connecting rod mechanism. The crankshaft then drives the distribution valve which fixed on it to move simultaneously, causing the compressed air to enter different cylinders according to the angle change of distribution valve. The pistons move in turn to develop a continuous crankshaft rotation. At the same time, the cylinder opposite to the inlet cylinders is connected to the atmosphere and the high pressure air is released. The soft feature of the power-speed and the torque-speed characteristic curves of piston motors under different working pressures are also very evident.
(3)Diaphragm motors
Diaphragm motors are basically an application of diaphragm cylinders. The cylinder’s reciprocating motion converts into the ratchet wheel’s intermittent rotary output pressibility, i.e., the output torque falls off with the increase of intermittent transmission speed under the constant working pressure.