钢结构件焊接变形加热矫正温度是多少？

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⑴----- 美国AWS说 调质钢加热温度不得超过593°C，其他钢不得超过649°C。
CHAPTERM
FABRICATION, ERECTION, ANDQUALITY CONTROL
M2. FABRICATION
1. Cambering, Curving, and Straightening
Local application of heat or mechanical means is permitted to be used to introduce
or correct camber, curvature, and straightness. The temperature of heated
areas, as measured by approved methods, shall not exceed 1,100°F (593°C) for
A514/A514M and A852/A852M steel nor 1,200°F (649°C) for other steels.
⑵----- AISC 附议AWS，解释说：

2.3.1. Is it permissible to use controlled heat to straighten, curve, or camber structural steel shapes?

Yes. AWS D1.1-2002 Section 5.26.2 permits heat-straightening of members that are distorted by welding and stipulates rules for this procedure. These rules are equally applicable for all heat straightening or curving. Furthermore, the 1999 AISC LRFD Specification Section M2.1 and a discussion in the 3rd Edition AISC LRFD Manual (Part 2), provide a sound basis for the use of controlled heat to straighten, curve, camber, and form structural steel. The proper control of heat application generally involves the use of rosebud tips on torches to disperse the applied flame and temperature indicating crayons or similar devices to monitor the induced temperature.
⑶-----BS5400 说： 不得超过650°C
4.9 Straightening and flattening
Hammering shall not be permitted. Where heating is used either the temperature of the steel shall not exceed 650 _C, or the temperature, timing and cooling rate shall be appropriate to the particular type of steel and shall be agreed with the Engineer; accelerated cooling shall not be used without the approval of the Engineer.
⑷-----加拿大钢桥标准：不经允许不得火焰校正
(16) Flame Straightening
Flame straightening shall not be performed on any material or member without approval of the Department. The Contractor shall submit a procedure stating location, temperatures and cooling rates, to the Department for approval.
⑸-----建筑钢结构焊接技术规程JGJ81-2002 说：

3．当构件的变形不影响其承载能力或正常使用时，可不进行处理；否则应根据变形的大小采用下列方法处理：
1〕当变形不大时，应先处理构件的其他缺陷，然后在部分卸载的情况下，宜采用冷加工法矫正；若采用热加工法矫正时，其加热温度对调质钢应不大于590°C，对其他钢种应不大于650°C. 钢材的加热温度高于315°C时，应在空气中自然冷却，禁止用浇水等方法加速冷却；
⑹-----钢结构工程施工质量验收规范GB50205-2001 说：
7.3矫正和成型
I主控项目
7.3.1碳素结构钢在环境温度低于-16°C 低合金结构钢在环境温度低于-12°C 时不应进行冷矫正和冷弯曲. 碳素结构钢和低合金结构钢在加热矫正时加热温度不应超过900°C 低合金结构钢在加热矫正后应自然冷却.
⑺----铁路钢桥制造规范 TB10212―98：
4．8．4 热校时加热温度应控制在600～800°C，严禁过烧，不宜在同一部位多次重复加热。

根据以上几个规范的规定，
1．⑴--⑸规定根据不同钢材，不允许超过590或650°C，而⑹，⑺允许超过，
2．一般认为，各国钢结构所用的钢材可以对应比照，基本上是碳素结构钢和低合金结构钢。因为其铁碳平衡图是大致一样的，其金相组织变化也应该大致一样。因此，其热矫温度应该相同。
3． 现在，各个规范不同，怎么解释呢？不知道有没有这方面的研究资料，请各位老师指教帮助。